Economic specific frictional resistance in radiator heating systems

Taking the vertical one-pipe heating system and one-pipe loop circuit heating system of radiators as an example and the minimum total annual cost as an objective function, sets up a mathematical model. Researches the range of economic specific frictional resistance values. Analyses some sensitive factors affecting the economic specific frictional resistance, such as environment, material, electricity price, etc. Indicates that the labor cost, material cost and electricity price are the main factors affecting the economic specific frictional resistance in the one-pipe hot water heating system. Gives the design value range of the economic specific frictional resistance for radiator heating systems, i.e. from 100 Pa/m to 160 Pa/m.